日本語版「インドネシアにおけるオランダ350年と日本3年半の統治比較」を元にアプリ使用にて英訳しました。誤訳があれば、一言頂けると助かります。
Do you know “Batavia’s Chinese massacre?” About 10,000 Indonesian Chinese have been killed by Dutch and only 600 – 3,000 are said to have survived. During the 333 years of Dutch colonialism many Indonesians were killed and also died of starvation. Let me continue.
●300 years of rule in the Netherlands (1) Compulsory cultivation system = In the 19th century, one-fifth of the arable land was forced to grow coffee tea and other products destined for the Netherlands.
As a result, many villages collapsed, the food self-sufficiency system was dismantled, and the average life expectancy dropped to 35 years old as people continued to die of starvation. However, the benefits to the Netherlands actually accounted for a third of the national budget.
For example, four million people, half of the population of Java Madura region, are forced to engage in forced cultivation.
The decline in rice production led to a rise in the price of rice, and in 1850 a famine occurred due to forced cultivation and a bad harvest, and the population of the village of Dumak dropped from 336,000 to 120,000 in Gorobogun, from 89,500 to 9,000.
(2) In order to develop the natural resources, a large number of Indians and Chinese immigrated to Indonesia as bitter people and used these immigrant people for the economic and distribution mechanism, so that a hierarchy was formed in which they rose above the Indonesians
and dominated the Indonesians, creating the cause of the later racial conflicts. (3) The Dutch created mixed-race children with Indonesians on a large scale and made them officials of indirect rule. It left the administration to mixed-race children and overseas Chinese,
and banned most Indonesian participation in politics and administration. The Dutch government imposed heavy taxes, and the overseas Chinese became usury and the Indonesians suffered from the 200% interest rate.
(5) Because of the divide and rule, it fomented animosity among ethnic groups and intensified tribal strife. East Timor, a Portuguese colony whose inhabitants became Christians, led to conflict with the Muslim Indonesians.
（6）In the 20th century, in response to the world’s criticism, only a few percent of people were able to attend school, although only a primary education (3 years) was provided. Furthermore, Dutch was made compulsory for those who went on to advanced schools.
There are about 10 Indonesians a year who are university graduates. (7) In order to prevent the residents from inciting armed rebellion, they banned youth sports and group training, and even banned a few processional marches.
(8) All residents’ gatherings are prohibited and all independence activities are prohibited. Any independence activists were exiled or put to death on an island such as New Guinea.
(9) Raising the national flag and singing the national anthem are, of course, prohibited. (The national flag and anthem have not yet been decided, but there were national flags and songs.)
(10) Islam, which most Indonesians believe in, but spread Christianity.
●Post-war trends in the Netherlands (11) On 17 August 1945, Indonesia’s Sukarno announced a declaration of independence, but the Netherlands refused to recognize it and re-entered the country.
(12) This resulted in four years of fighting until the ceasefire of December 1949. In the struggle, 800,000 people died in the war. This was because the Dutch had an abundance of modern weapons and the Indonesian side had only 40,000 small arms, etc.,
given to them by the Japanese, and “the War of Independence was a war of bamboo spears and tanks. (13) The Netherlands, instead of apologizing for the massacre, claimed four years of war expenses from Indonesia at the peace talks,
and demanded that Indonesia pay all the budget deficits of the Dutch Indonesian government at the final peace talks in 1949. Can you believe it? I can’t!!!
Let’s take a look at the Japanese colonial period. ●Three and a half years of Japanese rule (1) Permission to raise the national flag and sing the national anthem was granted (this was revoked a month later, but was approved with independence in 1934).
(2) Release the leaders of national movements (such as Soekarno Hatta) and allow them to conduct national tours for national unity. (3) Six years of primary education is provided, and a schoolyard is built to emphasize physical education.
At the same time, a Normal School was established to train Indonesian teachers.
4) Established professional and training schools for agriculture, fishery, shipbuilding, industry, medicine, etc., and finally trained 100,000 intellectuals (national elite) in just three and a half years, when there were only 600 at that time.
(5) The Central Council of Councillors (the highest advisory body) was established in Java, and the Provincial Council of Councillors was established in each region, and Indonesians were actively promoted to high-ranking officials and cultivated administrative capacity.
(6) As a result, the unification of the behavior and feelings of the Indonesian people was achieved by spreading the language through newspapers, radio, movies and school education.
(7) Focused on teaching rice farming to establish a food self-sufficiency system. Japan did this same things among Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.
(8) One million youth corps, 1.5 million police corps, women’s corps, students’ corps, neighboring groups, etc. were formed to organize Indonesian residents and cultivate the unity of Indonesian people.
(9) Established the PETA, gave military training to Indonesians, and built the first Indonesian army. It played a leading role in the later war of independence against the Allied Forces, and also played a leading role in the creation of the Indonesian National Army.
(10) The Putra movement and the Java Protestant Movement elevated Indonesian nationalism and instilled a spirit of independence and bravery.
(11) Japan supported the Indonesian Youth Corps (Angkatan Muda), which promotes the independence movement, and had them hold a national conference to promote the independence movement by the youth.
(12) The emphasis was on Islam. In particular, it integrated Islamic groups that were divided at the time (mashmi), and it also emphasized Islam in primary and military education.
(13) (After WW2) Japan supported the independence movement by giving a large amount of weapons and ammunition to the Indonesian side without the knowledge of the Allied forces.
(14) (After WW2) About 2,000 Japanese soldiers stopped in Indonesia, participated in the war of independence with the UK and the Netherlands, and gave war guidance, and about 1,000 died in the war.
I believe that the Japanese have done more for the Indonesians than the Dutch.
日本を守ろう 